Introduction to
Microvascular Surgery:
Microvascular surgery is a specialized field that involves repairing small blood vessels, typically less than a few millimeters in diameter, using advanced surgical techniques and microscopes. This type of surgery is crucial for complex reconstructive procedures, such as reattaching severed limbs, tissue transplantation, and reconstructing damaged tissues following trauma or cancer removal. Microvascular surgeons meticulously connect tiny blood vessels to restore blood flow, ensuring the survival and function of transplanted tissues, and significantly improving patients' outcomes and quality of life.
Types of Surgeries
Treatment Available
Microvascular Free Flap Reconstruction:
Surgical procedure where tissue, including skin, fat, muscle, and sometimes bone, is harvested from one part of the body and transferred to another using microsurgical techniques to reconnect blood vessels. This approach is commonly used for complex reconstructions, such as breast reconstruction after mastectomy, head and neck reconstruction after cancer surgery, or limb reconstruction after trauma.
Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) Flap:
A type of microvascular free flap surgery that involves transferring skin and fat from the lower abdomen to reconstruct the breast following mastectomy, using blood vessels from the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein.
Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muscle (TRAM) Flap:
Another type of microvascular free flap surgery that uses skin, fat, and muscle from the lower abdomen to reconstruct the breast, with blood vessels from the superior epigastric artery and vein.
Latissimus Dorsi Flap:
A microvascular free flap surgery where skin, fat, and muscle from the back (latissimus dorsi muscle) are transferred to the chest to reconstruct the breast, often used in combination with breast implants.
Radial Forearm Free Flap:
Free flap surgery where skin, fat, and sometimes bone are harvested from the forearm and transferred to another part of the body, commonly used for head and neck reconstruction, especially for defects in the oral cavity or throat.
Fibula Free Flap:
Surgical procedure where bone, skin, and muscle from the fibula (lower leg bone) are transferred to reconstruct defects in the jaw or lower extremities, often used in cases of trauma, cancer, or congenital abnormalities.
Scapular Free Flap:
A microvascular free flap surgery where tissue, including bone, muscle, and skin, is harvested from the shoulder blade (scapula) and transferred to reconstruct defects in the head and neck region, particularly in cases of jaw or facial reconstruction.
Conditions
Complex wounds and defects
Reconstruction after tumor removal
Trauma requiring extensive tissue reconstruction
Treatment Available
Limb or Digit Replantation Surgery:
This surgical procedure aims to reattach a severed limb or digit to its original location following traumatic amputation. Its goal is to restore both function and sensation by meticulously reconnecting bones, blood vessels, nerves, and tissues.
Microsurgical Vascular Repair:
This surgical technique, conducted under magnification using an operating microscope, involves carefully rejoining blood vessels. Its purpose is to ensure adequate blood flow to the replanted limb or digit, thereby promoting tissue survival and healing.
Nerve Repair:
Surgical intervention focused on reconnecting the severed nerve ends to regain sensory and motor function. Nerve repair is essential for restoring sensation and movement in the replanted limb or digit.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction:
Additional surgical procedures may be necessary to repair damaged soft tissues, including muscles, tendons, and skin, to optimize the outcome of limb or digit replantation.
Conditions
Amputated fingers, hands, or arms
Severed toes, feet, or legs
Treatment Available
Microsurgical Treatment:
This approach entails precise surgical repair of injured blood vessels and nerves utilizing advanced techniques and equipment, including an operating microscope. The primary goal is to restore functionality and facilitate healing post-injury or trauma.This delicate work promotes healing, reduces pain, and improves functionality.
Free Flap Surgery:
Free flap surgery is an advanced reconstructive procedure where tissue, including skin, muscle, or bone, is transferred from one part of the body to another to reconstruct a defect. The tissue, along with its blood supply, is carefully detached and then reattached at the recipient site using microsurgical techniques. This method is often used in cases of extensive tissue loss due to trauma, cancer, or infection.
Conditions
Traumatic injuries to blood vessels and nerves
Peripheral nerve damage
Vascular conditions requiring precise repair
Treatment Available
Microvascular Free Flap Reconstruction:
Surgical procedure where tissue, including skin, fat, muscle, and sometimes bone, is harvested from one part of the body and transferred to another using microsurgical techniques to reconnect blood vessels. This approach is commonly used for complex reconstructions, such as breast reconstruction after mastectomy, head and neck reconstruction after cancer surgery, or limb reconstruction after trauma.
Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) Flap:
A type of microvascular free flap surgery that involves transferring skin and fat from the lower abdomen to reconstruct the breast following mastectomy, using blood vessels from the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein.
Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muscle (TRAM) Flap:
Another type of microvascular free flap surgery that uses skin, fat, and muscle from the lower abdomen to reconstruct the breast, with blood vessels from the superior epigastric artery and vein.
Latissimus Dorsi Flap:
A microvascular free flap surgery where skin, fat, and muscle from the back (latissimus dorsi muscle) are transferred to the chest to reconstruct the breast, often used in combination with breast implants.
Radial Forearm Free Flap:
Free flap surgery where skin, fat, and sometimes bone are harvested from the forearm and transferred to another part of the body, commonly used for head and neck reconstruction, especially for defects in the oral cavity or throat.
Fibula Free Flap:
Surgical procedure where bone, skin, and muscle from the fibula (lower leg bone) are transferred to reconstruct defects in the jaw or lower extremities, often used in cases of trauma, cancer, or congenital abnormalities.
Scapular Free Flap:
A microvascular free flap surgery where tissue, including bone, muscle, and skin, is harvested from the shoulder blade (scapula) and transferred to reconstruct defects in the head and neck region, particularly in cases of jaw or facial reconstruction.
Conditions
Complex wounds and defects
Reconstruction after tumor removal
Trauma requiring extensive tissue reconstruction
Treatment Available
Limb or Digit Replantation Surgery:
This surgical procedure aims to reattach a severed limb or digit to its original location following traumatic amputation. Its goal is to restore both function and sensation by meticulously reconnecting bones, blood vessels, nerves, and tissues.
Microsurgical Vascular Repair:
This surgical technique, conducted under magnification using an operating microscope, involves carefully rejoining blood vessels. Its purpose is to ensure adequate blood flow to the replanted limb or digit, thereby promoting tissue survival and healing.
Nerve Repair:
Surgical intervention focused on reconnecting the severed nerve ends to regain sensory and motor function. Nerve repair is essential for restoring sensation and movement in the replanted limb or digit.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction:
Additional surgical procedures may be necessary to repair damaged soft tissues, including muscles, tendons, and skin, to optimize the outcome of limb or digit replantation.
Conditions
Amputated fingers, hands, or arms
Severed toes, feet, or legs
Treatment Available
Microsurgical Treatment:
This approach entails precise surgical repair of injured blood vessels and nerves utilizing advanced techniques and equipment, including an operating microscope. The primary goal is to restore functionality and facilitate healing post-injury or trauma.This delicate work promotes healing, reduces pain, and improves functionality.
Free Flap Surgery:
Free flap surgery is an advanced reconstructive procedure where tissue, including skin, muscle, or bone, is transferred from one part of the body to another to reconstruct a defect. The tissue, along with its blood supply, is carefully detached and then reattached at the recipient site using microsurgical techniques. This method is often used in cases of extensive tissue loss due to trauma, cancer, or infection.
Conditions
Traumatic injuries to blood vessels and nerves
Peripheral nerve damage
Vascular conditions requiring precise repair
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